5 Ways Scientists Are Hacking the Brain to Cure Disease, Improve Memory & Increase Libido

New research involves a lot of different ways to affect the brain: drugs, electrical signals, and, yes, actually shining light on neurons.

By Jane Bosveld, Amy Barth, Andrew Grant, and Laurie Rich
Jun 28, 2010 5:00 AMNov 12, 2019 5:49 AM
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Microelectrodes in a clear silicon array rest on the brain surface. The neural signals they detect might someday control a bionic arm. | Image: University of Utah Department of Neurosurgery

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The brain is a castle on a hill. Encased in bone and protected by a special layer of cells, it is shielded from infections and injuries—but also from many pharmaceuticals and even from the body’s own immune defenses. As a result, brain problems are tough to diagnose and to treat.

To meet this challenge, researchers are exploring unconventional therapies, from electrodes to laser-light stimulation to mind-bending drugs. Some of these radical experiments may never pan out. But, as frequently happens in medicine, a few of today’s improbable approaches may evolve into tomorrow’s miraculous cures.

1. Man Meets Machine

In a sense, cyborgs already walk among us: Nearly 200,000 deaf or near-deaf people have cochlear implants, electronic sound-processing machines that stimulate the auditory nerve and link into the brain. But even by the fanciful science fiction definition, the age of cyborgs is just around the corner. In the last decade, researchers have become increasingly skilled at detecting and interpreting brain signals. Technologies that allow people to use their thoughts to control machines—computers, speaking devices, or prosthetic limbs—are already being tested and could soon be available for widespread applications.

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